//Guanidine nitrate powders have not been exploited, but the present availability of guanidine derivatives from the cyanamide industry suggests possibilities. The salt is stable and nonhygroscopic, and is a flashless explosive—cooler indeed than ammonium nitrate. Escales23 cites a German patent to Gans24 for a blasting powder made from potassium nitrate 40 to 60 per cent, guanidine nitrate 48 to 24 per cent, and charcoal 12 to 16 per cent.//

//The early apparatus for nitrating glycerin were arranged for the production of only small quantities, and were therefore very primitive.
Kopp devised his process with a view to simplicity, so that nitro-glycerin could be prepared in the quarries themselves and used either immediately or soon afterwards. Nitro-glycerin was made by his process for many years in the sandstone quarries near Saverne in Alsace. The apparatus used by him are illustrated in Fig. 169. They were a large earthenware vessel (a) for cooling and washing the nitro-glycerin, a cast-iron vessel (b) for mixing, with an index mark on the outside and the inside, a measuring vessel (c) of sheet-iron or china for glycerin, a glass funnel (d) with india-rubber tube, pinch-cock, and outlet-pipe, and finally an iron rod with a mark on it, for stirring. Five to six litres of ice-cold water were put into the vessel (a) in which the vessel (b) containing 2.8 kilogrammes of mixed acid stood. Into this 350 grammes glycerin were run from c, the contents of b being stirred the mean-while. After all the glycerin had been run in, the stirring was continued for five minutes with the iron rod, and the crude nitro- glycerin was then washed in earthenware vessels (a). It was then decanted and all traces of water removed by aid of the separating funnel (d).
https://books.google.ru/books/content?id=ZMcJAAAAIAAJ&hl=ru&pg=PA95&img=1&zoom=3&sig=ACfU3U3DQwF9L4t_9n3eWVgQJEG-ASYhnQ&w=1025
By Kopp’s process, three to four operations per hour are said to have been made, and the yield to have varied between 143 and 200 per cent. Of course the nitro-glycerin was not suitable for prolonged storage, since it could not of necessity be pure.
Nitro-glycerin was manufactured in a similar manner in continental factories down to as late as 1880. China pots, and also enamelled or ordinary cast-iron vessels or lead vessels with burnt joints, were used. As a rule, a number of such pots stood in a trough filled with water, over which a corresponding number of small glycerin vessels fitted with taps were placed. The workman held a thermometer in one hand and in the other one a glass rod, with which he rapidly agitated the mixture. If, as frequently happened, the temperature rose too high, and a decomposition took place, he simply tipped the contents of the pot quickly into the water. By and by the workman became very expert in this method of regulating the process, and with such simple apparatus yields of up to 200 lbs. of nitro-glycerin for each 100 lbs. of glycerin were obtained.//

From 1866 to 1869, the Central Pacific built 15 tunnels and the Union Pacific built 4 four tunnels on the transcontinental line. The Central Pacific used black power during most of the construction phase of the railroad, but the Summit Tunnel through the highest point of the Sierra Nevada range proved a formidable obstacle that necessitated the use of nitroglycerin. Workers were making slow progress cutting through the granite, and engineers realized it would take well over a year to blast through from end to end using conventional methods. Nitroglycerin was needed, but state regulations prevented its transportation. To abide by the new laws, Central Pacific officials employed chemist James Howden to manufacture the material onsite. The glycerin and nitrate and sulfuric acids could be transported to the railroad construction site with relatively little concern for explosions. Once on site, Howden set up his nitroglycerin shop at Donner Pass and manufactured the chemical on a daily, as-needed basis. It was a simple operation. Howden, working alone, used an old kettle under a makeshift shed. The cost of manufacturing nitroglycerin was relatively cheap. Howden was able to make nitroglycerin at 75 cents per pound. At the height of construction in the Sierra Nevada, Howden produced 100 pounds of nitroglycerin per day.

//2. SCHULTZE POWDER.
The rifle and blasting powder invented by E. Schultze of Potsdam, a captain of the German artillery, has nitrated wood substance as its base; it is at present manufactured in Great Britain. In preparing it, a thorough purification of the wood, especially the removal of sap, has first to be effected. Hard wood is cut into thin sheets, and these, by means of a punch, into regular grains. These are first boiled several times with dilute solution of soda. After being washed they are steamed, then again washed with water, and finally dried. The grains after this treatment are bleached with bleaching-powder, and again washed and dried. Six parts by weight of the purified and bleached wood grains are then thoroughly soaked for from two to three hours in 100 parts of a mixture of 28.5 parts of nitric acid (specific gravity 1.48 to 1.50) and 71.5 parts of sulphuric acid (specific gravity 1.84) in order to nitrate them, the acid mixture being kept cool by a suitable arrangement. When nitration is finished, the greater part of the acid is extracted by means of a centrifugal machine, the nitrated grains washed and boiled with a dilute solution of soda, again washed, and then dried. In order to increase its effect, the pyroxiline so obtained is impregnated with a solution of saltpetre, to which barium nitrate or potassium sulphocyanide is also sometimes added. The impregnated grains are then again dried at a temperature between 90° and 111° F. For impregnating each 100 parts of pyroxiline, 26 parts of saltpetre (or 22.5 parts of saltpetre and 7.5 parts of barium nitrate) dissolved in 220 parts of water are used.
To increase its safety, Schultze recommended that his powder should be stored wet, and dried when required for use. According to him, the advantages of this powder are that it gives a double or triple effect, no smoke, and almost no residue. It is also asserted that the gases have no injurious action on the respiratory organs.
In practice these good results were not always obtained. Shooting experiments made with the powder in Switzerland gave unfavourable results: 49.5 grammes of it carried the ball of an experimental mortar just as far as 92 grammes of ordinary black powder, but the variations in range were very considerable. Since the volume of the Schultze powder is about 2.4 or 3 times that of black powder, a larger volume was required to obtain the same effect. Attempts at using the powder in carbines were not attended with favourable results. It is true that the residue was only small and little smoke was observed, but it was difficult to clean out the residue, if ungreased projectiles were used.
Blasting experiments made in the districts of Saarbrücken and Mansfeld with Schultze powder gave better results, although hardly any advantage over black powder was observed. It was pointed out, however, that on account of the small amount of smoke, it was only necessary to suspend work in the mines for a short time. The cost was about the same as in the case of black powder.
On the other hand, Schultze powder has been used successfully, especially in Great Britain, as a sporting powder, and is very much liked. It is said to give but a slight recoil, no smoke and good results in shooting. It is also said to stand moisture and climatic changes well
//

https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/the-gun-cotton-cartridge-an-austrian-attempt-to-replace-blackpowder/

стр 307 и далее
https://books.google.com/books/about/A_Practical_Treatise_on_the_Fabrication.html?hl=ru&id=1RoNAAAAYAAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://youtu.be/eB517d1QMDc?si=rF6KIfRFK9lyTOJ8
стрельба патронами Ленка.
На этом же канале есть более подробное видео о пироксилиновых патронах к винтовке Лоренца

http://istmat.info/node/58557

При всей милитаризованности основное использование хлопка текстильное, хотя бы для армии, а не порох, на который идут в основном отходы и очесы. Да и полагаться на республики, близкие к границе, тоже странно.

В 20-х и 30-х порох в СССР делали из хлопка, на прямо перед войной, в 1938 или 39, освоили производство пороха из древесной целлюлозы, при этом все целлюлозно-бумажные фабрики в случае войны могли быстро начать производить нитроцеллюлозу.
Может быть, с закрытием заводов в 90-е и 2000-е ситуация поменялась, и нитровать доевесную целлюлозу разучились.