//In 1913, Houskeeper joined Western Electric, a company developing vacuum electronics. In 1904 British engineer John Ambrose Fleming had developed the vacuum rectifier ‘valve’, which had been followed by US engineer Lee De Forest’s ‘Audion’, a triode that allowed electrical signals to be amplified. These inventions had led to a huge and competitive business as radio receivers and later televisions spread across the world, but there were still massive challenges engineers such as Houskeeper had to overcome.
Both incandescent and electronic bulbs needed to operate under a vacuum. This meant the bulb’s wires to be embedded in the glass, or otherwise connected to the base, during manufacture. To prevent leaks, that meant using a metal that had a similar coefficient of expansion to hard glass. The closest match was platinum, which had the added benefit of lacking an oxide layer – a property that was thought to help the molten glass ‘wet’ the metal and provide a good bond. But as the vacuum electronics industry expanded the price of platinum began to spiral. An alternative was needed.
…
It was then that Houskeeper realised the thinner the soft, ductile copper, the more it could accommodate the strain of the slower contracting glass: if the end of a tube were ‘feathered’ to a thin, tapered knife-edge it might be possible to bond it to glass. Heating the tube on a lathe to red heat, he then slid it over the end of a glass tube of similar diameter. The tubes sealed perfectly, the thin copper stretching plastically around the join as it cooled.
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Houskeeper’s technique also meant the size of the seal was only limited by the size of the lathe. The method was patented in 1919 and enabled the construction of larger, higher power valves; in his lab portrait (see below), Houskeeper is seen cradling his pride and joy, an enormous 100 kW valve. In 1925 he was awarded the John Scott Medal alongside the flying pioneer Orville Wright.
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//The Houskeeper Seal
The Houskeeper Seal, named for its inventor William Houskeeper in the 1920’s (not Housekeeper), is an early sealing method primarily employed in vacuum tube construction whereby the end diameter of a tube is thinned sufficiently as to provide ductility when joined to a rigid glass. This sealing method relies upon the high ductility of the base metal instead of CTE matching to avoid excessive stresses. Copper’s high CTE means it contracts far more than the soda-lime glass upon cooling and fails at the joint without thinning. Thinning of the copper allows it to “stretch” plastically as the joint is cooled/formed; meaning effectively, the strength of the glass-metal joint is greater than the yield stress of the copper itself. Modern glass sealing alloys with similar CTE matching metal alloys have largely made this seal design obsolete//
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+100

Это самый простой метод — пайка медных колпачков к концам стеклянной трубки.
Несколько более трудоемко, но при отсутствии никеля (для инвара) или платины это самый простой вариант.

Алюминий таки можно получить термопроцессом, но это гемор и люминь таки будет точно по цене ежели не золота, то серебра.
А про надоело ликтричество — повеселило, право слово.

Не путайте. Надо провести металлический штырь сквозь стекло и оставить его именно металлическим, а не покрыть тазик тонким слоем чего то стеклообразного.

Вот про «успешно решена» не надо. Эмальерное дело это совсем не впайка электродов в вакуумируемый прибор.

Кстати — статья про эмалированную посуду есть и там тоже все непросто, куда посложнее чем просто цветные стеклом крохотные ячейки заполнить.